Workers paid low wages are less likely to be covered by a union contract

Bars show union density or the share of workers paid low wages (compared to all workers) who are covered by a union collective bargaining agreement.

The bar chart compares the percentage of low-wage workers (compared to all workers) covered by a union contract.The x-axis shows two categories: low-wage workers and all workers. The y-axis shows the percentage of workers covered by a union contract. A smaller percentage of low-wage workers (11.4%) are covered by a union contract compared to all workers (17.7%).
In 2022, the value of the low-wage threshold is $19.69.The sample includes workers who live in California, were employed last week but not self-employed, ages 16+, and with non-zero earnings last week.
Chart: UC Berkeley Labor CenterSource: EPI Current Population Survey Outgoing Rotation Group 2022 • Get the dataEmbed Download imageDownload PDFDownload SVGCreated with Datawrapper