Russia oil exports and potential substitutes

Russia exports cannot be replaced seamlessly but alternatives available over time

If China and Belarus do not participate in embargo then substitute supply is needed for 3.2mbpd

In addition to 2.5mbpd spare capacity in OPEC, there is OECD strategic reserve of 2.7b barrels

All this before any return of Iranian exports in the event of a new Nuclear Deal

Chart: Hasnain Malik Source: IEA, Tellimer Research Get the data