CPJ analyzed hundreds of cases* of jailed journalists since 1992 to find reports of mistreatment while in custody. CPJ categorizes "mistreatment" as reports of: torture, beatings, or injuries by authorities; forced confessions; denials of food, medical care, or access to lawyers and family; sexual assaults; threats of sexual assault or death; and religious discrimination.
In many countries, a majority of claims of mistreatment also included reports of beatings and/or torture.