Table 1. Deficit increase (millions) by COVID legislation and year
According to original CBO cost estimates
Source: Congressional Budget Office, “CBO Estimate for H.R. 6074, the Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act,
2020” (Publication 56227, March 4, 2020); Phillip L. Swagel, letter to Nita M. Lowey “Re: Preliminary Estimate of the Effects of H.R. 6201, the
Families First Coronavirus Response Act” (Publication 56316, Congressional Budget Office, April 2, 2020); Phillip L. Swagel, letter to Mike Enzi “Re:
Preliminary Estimate of the Effects of H.R. 748, the CARES Act, Public Law 116-136, Revised” (Publication 56334, Congressional Budget Office, April
27, 2020); Congressional Budget Office, “CBO Estimate for H.R. 266, the Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act, as Passed
by the Senate on April 21, 2020” (Publication 56338, April 22, 2020); Congressional Budget Office, “Congressional Budget Office Estimate for Division
N—Additional Coronavirus Response and Relief, H.R. 133, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021” (Publication 56961, January 14, 2021);
Congressional Budget Office, “Discretionary Spending Under Division M, the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act,
2021” (Publication 56916, December 22, 2020); and Congressional Budget Office, “Estimated Budgetary Effects of H.R. 1319, American Rescue Act
of 2021,” (Publication 57056, March 10, 2021).