Penn's graduate workers were the last to officially unionize among selected peer universities

A timeline of unionization, negotiations, and contract ratifications at Penn and other private institutions since 2013.

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NYU's initial graduate student unionization in Oct. 2000 and subsequent 2001-2005 contract are not included here. After the NRLB's July 2004 Brown ruling, the union was no longer recognized in Aug. 2005 until NYU voluntarily recognized it in Dec. 2013.

Chart: James WanGet the dataCreated with Datawrapper