Emissions by supply chain tier

Emissions in kg of CO₂ equivalent/kWh per supply chain tier of a US versus non-US made battery

Values on the far left of the bar graphs indicate total emissions. Analysis is based on the NMC811 battery chemistry with a bill of materials based on the Argonne National Laboratory’s BatPaC model; in the US-made battery case, we assume battery production is based in the United States (U.S) with materials available in the U.S market. For the non-US made battery, we assume that battery production takes place in China, with materials available in the Chinese market. Mining includes refining. Source: Argonne National Laboratory-GREET2022, RMI Analysis.
Source: RMIGet the dataCreated with Datawrapper