While male upper castes do the least unpaid housework, female upper castes do the least paid work

Minutes spent in a day per person

* Productive refers to unpaid activities included in the System of National Accounts activities list. This would include training towards employment, employment in household enterprises and the production of goods for own final use, like tending to a kitchen garden or cattle. Others refers to unpaid activities not included in the SNA, like cooking for the family or childcare.
Source: Time Use in India 2019, National Statistical Office Get the data