A line chart from the Institute for Government of prison population and useable operational capacity, actual and projected, 2011–28, where both stayed broadly flat 2013–20, dropped sharply in 2020, then climbed rapidly from 2021 to 2023, with population rising faster than capacity. The MoJ population projection from 2023 continues to climb rapidly, with projected capacity increasing much more slowly, but the 2024 actual population has been roughly flat so far.