Between 2005 and 2023, emissions from iron and steel fell by more than 3 megatonnes, to 13.1 Mt. That decline was driven by a 1.6 Mt reduction from declining activity and a 1.8 Mt reduction from lower energy intensity, both of which are mostly attributable to the closure of one ironmaking facility. Between 2023 and 2030, iron and steel emissions are projected to fall even further, to 7.8 Mt. Growing economic activity will put 1.3 Mt of upward pressure on emissions, while declining energy intensity and emissions intensity will push emissions down by 3.8 Mt and 2.9 Mt, respectively.