Mass Deportation Will Be a Quarter of H.R. 1's Cost

Deficit Effect of H.R. 1 from Various Sources

Source: Author’s calculation based on: CBO, “Effects of the Immigration Surge on the Federal Budget and the Economy,” July 23, 2024; Congressional Budget Office (Judiciary, Homeland, and Transportation); “Estimated Budgetary Effects of a Bill to Provide for Reconciliation Pursuant to Title II of H. Con. Res. 14, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act,” H.R. 1; Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget, May 21, 2025 (interest cost) Get the data Created with Datawrapper