California schools audited for low vaccination rates have higher shares of low-income students and are more likely to be rural 

Source: California Department of Public Health. NOTES: Only elementary schools are included. Low income refers to the average free or reduced-price meals (FRPM) enrollment in schools and is weighted by total school enrollment. Shares for locale are based on school counts within each category (city, rural, suburban, and town), following National Center on Education Statistics (NCES) classifications. The 10% of elementary schools (650) with missing NCES locale data were imputed based on their district locale type (NCES assigns locale type to school districts based on enrollment-weighted locale assignments of schools within the district). FROM: PPIC Blog, April 2025. Get the data Embed Download image