Spending is highest for low-income, English Learner, Black, and Latino students 

Overall   Differences  

Current expenditures per student for the 2023–24 school year

Source: California Department of Education, SACS district finance data, annual enrollment files, and UPC source files; Authors’ calculations.
NOTES: Current spending per student shown adjusted for inflation (Jul 2025$). Current spending excludes capital outlay, debt service, and spending on non-K–12 functions (e.g., pre-K and adult education). Averages for each student group calculated using district-level enrollment and district spending per unit of average daily attendance (ADA). Charter schools not reporting on a district's general fund are excluded. Nat. Am. is Native American.
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