Table 1

President Trump's "national emergency" tariffs on Canada exhibit the dangers of excessive discretion under executive emergency authorities

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Sources: Congressional Research Service; Federal Register 2025a; 2025b; 2025c; RealAgriculture; St. Albert Gazette; Associated Press; The Star; @realDonalTrump on Truth Social 2025a; 2025b; USA Today; NPR; and CBC.
Notes: IEEPA = International Emergency Economic Powers Act; USMCA = United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement.