As this Airwars chart shows, ceasefires in Syria have a significant impact on the volume of civilian harm allegations against Russia. In Oct-Nov 2018, we tracked no civilian harm events as a Russia-Turkish agreed demilitarised de-confliction zone held. However, in May 2019, an earlier ceasefire brokered by Russia was left in tatters as the regime and Russia pounded rebels in Idlib. A new truce came into force on August 31st - and continues to hold at this time.