Figure 9. The correlation between government spending score and the net migration rate

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Source: Author’s calculations based on “Gross migration file” data, 2018–2023, from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), “SOI Tax Stats - Migration Data” (dataset), last reviewed March 20, 2026, https://www.irs.gov/statistics/soi-tax-stats-migration-data; Dean Stansel, José Torra, Matthew D. Mitchell, and Ángel Carrión-Tavárez, Economic Freedom of North America 2025 (Fraser Institute, December 2025), https://www.fraserinstitute.org/studies/economic-freedom-north-america-2025.