Internet speed disparities in historically redlined areas persist even after adjustments

Percentage point difference in slow download speeds in D-rated areas compared to A and B areas, both observed and adjusted for other factors

Prices for all speeds fixed at $55 for AT&T, $50 for CenturyLink, $40 for Verizon, and between $50 and $60 for Earthlink, depending on who they leased lines from. We omitted five cities where companies offered uniform speeds and another 14 cities without digitized HOLC grades.
Chart: Leon Yin and Joel Eastwood Source: AT&T, CenturyLink, EarthLink, Verizon, Mapping Inequality