A line chart from the Institute for Government showing the index of public sector health care productivity, 1996/97–2022/23 (1995/96 = 100). Productivity rose steadily from the mid-2000s, with quality-adjusted productivity peaking at 126 in 2017/18, while non-quality-adjusted productivity reached about 117. Both fell sharply during the pandemic to 96 and 88 respectively in 2020/21, before partially recovering by 2022/23, reaching 117 and 108.