Perceived criminal presence is not the same as territorial control

Perceived influence over neighbourhood rules among respondents reporting factions or militias nearby

Survey chart showing perceived influence of criminal factions or militias over neighbourhood rules among respondents reporting such groups nearby. 34.9% reported a lot of influence, 26.5% a moderate amount, 19% a little, 17.7% none, and 1.9% did not know or refused.

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61.4% report strong or moderate influence.

Perceived presence does not necessarily mean territorial control. Respondents may be describing anything from local drug-selling groups to armed organizations imposing neighbourhood rules. Percentages refer only to respondents reporting factions or militias nearby.

Chart: Stanton GeyerSource: Fórum Brasileiro de Segurança Pública / Datafolha, March 2026Get the data