Status of compliance carbon pricing instruments around the world
Countries with carbon taxes or emissions trading systems (ETS) implemented, under development or under consideration, 2025.
The 27 European Union (EU) states (plus Norway, Iceland and Luxembourg) are also bound by the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS1), the oldest cap-and-trade system in force since 2005, and EU ETS 2, a new trading system due to be fully operational in 2027, for emissions from fuels used for combustion in buildings, road transport and additional sectors (mainly small industry).
