−35,000
−30,000
−25,000
−20,000
−15,000
−10,000
−5,000
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
Germany
−32,243
17,894
France
−15,082
8,107
Ireland
−11,635
5,705
Italy
−10,406
5,428
Netherlands
−7,499
4,039
Spain
−6,695
3,365
Sweden
−4,837
2,649
Belgium
−4,662
2,311
Luxembourg
−3,215
1,760
Austria
−2,811
1,517
Poland
−2,783
1,427
Denmark
−2,705
1,410
Finland
−1,984
1,121
Czech Republic
−1,714
921
Hungary
−1,596
830
Portugal
−977
504
Slovakia
−872
509
Romania
−869
441
Greece
−698
346
Malta
−615
351
Bulgaria
−343
182
Cyprus
−318
193
Slovenia
−316
166
Lithuania
−245
128
Estonia
−224
120
Croatia
−205
106
Latvia
−158
87
Negative|
Optimistic|
Note: Figures expressed in 2020 EUR, and include rescaling from 2015 TiVA year to 2019 baseline year