When people can use a car without having to operate it, they increase their car travel
In a study conducted in late 2019 and early 2020, 43 Sacramento, California households received access to a chauffeur service. Participants shifted their travel away from mass transit, walking and biking toward more car use.
Bar chart showing more car use and less reliance on transit, ridehailing, biking or walking among households given access to a chauffeur service.