Government programs lifted millions out of poverty.

Change in number of people in poverty after including each element. 2021. United States.

In 2021, refundable tax credits included the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), Child Tax Credit, and the Child and Dependent Care Credit. Economic impact/stimulus payment refers to the third round only. SNAP refers to Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, SSI refers to Supplemental Security Income, TANF refers to Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, and WIC refers to Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children.

Source: Table B-8 in Census Bureau, "Poverty in the United States: 2021."