Figure 1. Traditional employment and self-employment among covered clinicians, 2019–2024

Source: Author's analysis of IPUMS CPS Basic Monthly data, 2019-2024. Values are weighted annual average monthly employment counts among employed individuals in covered occupations. Covered occupations are OCC2010 codes 3060 (physicians and surgeons), 3110 (physician assistants), 3256 (nurse anesthetists), and 3258 (nurse practitioners and nurse midwives). Traditional employment includes wage/salary private, nonprofit, and federal/state/local government workers. Self-employment includes incorporated and unincorporated self-employed workers.