As this Airwars chart shows, the final six months leading up to the territorial defeat of ISIS in Syria has taken an increasingly lethal toll on civilians. Likely deaths spiralled in October 2018 as the assault on Hajin began; they fell at the start of 2019, but then rose again as the net closed in on ISIS in Al Baghouz, resulting in a 254% rise is fatalities in March - the greatest spike in civilian harm since the fall of Raqqa.