The US immigrant population has only just now recovered to its 19th century peak

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Sources: American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates—Public Use Microdata Sample, 2014, 2024; Campbell Gibson and Kay Jung, “Historical Census Statistics on the Foreign-born Population of the United States: 1850 to 2000,” Working Paper no. 81, Population Division, Census Bureau, February 2006; 1820-40 were estimated based on Department of Homeland Security, “Yearbook of Immigration Statistics,” Table 1, using the ratio of new legal permanent residents to net immigrant population change in the 1850s.

Note: “Immigrant” refers to noncitizens and naturalized citizens.