| Research data theft | In March 2023, a university hospital in Spain was hit by a cybercriminal group that specializes in exfiltrating data. In addition to patient and employee information including digitized doctor signatures, the group stole research data from clinical trials on autoimmune and cancer treatments, fields in which the hospital is a leader. |
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| Impact | The hospital poured time, money, and prized scientific expertise over multiple years into the research that culminated in the clinical trials. In total, the criminals stole over 4 terabytes of data. |
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| Outcome | The criminal group demanded a $4.5 million ransom (USD), but the government refused to pay. The stolen data was published on the dark web in batches. |
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