The majority of civil rights investigations opened by the Trump administration were related to Title VI (race, ethnicity, and shared ancestry) and Title IX (sex)

Percent of civil rights investigations

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Source: Author’s calculations using a dataset created by the Hechinger Report (as of December 3, 2025). See notes below for additional details.

Note: Title IX prohibits sex-based discrimination and Title VI prohibits discrimination based on race, ethnicity, or shared ancestry. Privacy refers to investigations opened by ED under Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and the Protection of Pupil Rights Amendment, federal laws that aim to protect student privacy.

The Brookings Institution