Origin of COVID-19 antibodies in Americans' blood
Just about everyone in the U.S. had antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, by September 2022, according to a serosurvey that tested samples from more than 70,000 blood donors. About half of people had hybrid immunity based on having been both infected and vaccinated.
Bar chart of the percentage of people who have COVID-19 antibodies due to various exposure modes, with about a quarter each due to vaccine or infection only and about a half due to both.
