Table 2. Economic Impact of Abortion Restrictions on Earnings Growth and Labor Force Participation Among Women Ages 15–44, by Race/Ethnicity

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Source: IWPR calculations from Guttmacher Institute, “Interactive Map: U.S. Abortion Policies and Access After Roe,” policy data as of December 2026, https://states.guttmacher.org/policies/; Sarah Flood, Miriam King, Renae Rodgers, Steven Ruggles, J. Robert Warren, Daniel Backman, Etienne Breton, Grace Cooper, Julia A. Rivera Drew, Stephanie Richards, David Van Riper, and Kari C.W. Williams, IPUMS CPS: Version 13.0 [dataset] (Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS, 2025), https://doi.org/10.18128/D030.V13.0; US Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), “SAGDP1. State Annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Summary,” accessed April 25, 2026, https://apps.bea.gov/itable/?ReqID=70&step=1; and US Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): All Items in U.S. City Average, Not Seasonally Adjusted (Series ID CUUR0000SA0),” Consumer Price Index Database, data downloaded April 25, 2026, https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/CUUR0000SA0?years_option=all_years.Get the data

Notes: Earnings loss estimates are based on employed women ages 15–44 working in the private sector. Labor force loss estimates are based on women ages 15-44 in the civilian labor force.