Figure 12
Pending Section 232 and Section 301 investigations could significantly increase the number of U.S. tariff regimes
Number of active tariff regimes
Sources: Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States and Federal Register notices, Office of the U.S. Trade Representative; and Bureau of Industry and Security.
Notes: SCOTUS = Supreme Court of the United States; MFN = most-favored nation; column 2 = base tariff rates for countries with which the United States does not have normal trade relations; AD/CVDs = anti-dumping and countervailing duties; IEEPA = International Emergency Economic Powers Act. Different proceedings under Sections 201, 232, and 301 are counted as separate tariff regimes (e.g., Section 232 tariffs on steel and Section 232 tariffs on aluminum are counted separately). The Section 301 actions targeting China's maritime and shipbuilding practices; China's practices related to the semiconductor industry; and Nicaragua's human rights practices were promulgated in 2025, but duties under these regimes are scheduled for 2026 and 2027. All free trade agreements and trade preference programs are counted as one tariff regime under the "preferential treatment" category, and all trade deals negotiated pursuant to IEEPA authority are counted as one tariff regime under the "IEEPA" category. All AD/CVDs are counted as one tariff regime, due to the small commercial volume of affected by each individual AD/CVD case.
