Figure 2

Foreign-born workers account for a large and growing share of the US high-skill STEM workforce

Number of high-skill STEM workers, in millions, 2000–2023

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Notes: STEM workers are employed in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Data are for workers ages 18–65 with at least a bachelor’s degree, in occupations classified by the National Science Foundation as Science and Engineering.

Source: Clemens, Neufeld, and Nice (2026), PIIE Policy Brief, Class Dismissed: The Effect of International Student Exclusion on the US STEM Workforce and Economic Growth.