Worldwide spending on the environment remained stagnant during 2001–21

Global environment taxes, expenditures, and fossil fuel subsidies as a percent of global GDP, 2001–21

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Notes: Sample varies across years, as not all countries report data consistently. Primarily high- income countries included in dataset, limited due to insufficient reporting. Between 38 and 75 countries shown, with an average of 56 across all years. The United States in not included in expenditures due to lack of reporting. Source: International Monetary Fund Climate Change Indicators dashboard, World Bank World Development Indicators, and author's calculations.