European surface temperature:
increase above pre-industrial

Reference period: pre-industrial (1850–1900) • Credit: C3S/ECMWF

5-year average Annual average

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*Other sources comprise JRA-3Q, GISTEMPv4, NOAAGlobalTempv6, Berkeley Earth and the HadCRUT5 ensemble mean. Shading shows the range of the HadCRUT5 ensemble.