Between 1985 and 2011, just six Latin American presidents survived sustained mass protest movements against their governments. Fourteen were ousted, forced to resign or fled the country.
Country | Presidents ousted by protest (1985-2011) | Presidents who survived mass protests (1985-2011) |
---|---|---|
Argentina | Raul Alfonsín (1989), Fernando de la Rúa (2001), Adolfo Rodríguez Saá (2002)Raul Alfonsín (1989), Fernando de la Rúa (2001), Adolfo Rodríguez Saá (2002) | nonenone |
Bolivia | Siles Zuazo (1985), Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada (2003), Carlos Mesa (2005)Siles Zuazo (1985), Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada (2003), Carlos Mesa (2005) | nonenone |
Brazil | nonenone | Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1999)Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1999) |
Colombia | nonenone | Ernesto Samper (1996)Ernesto Samper (1996) |
Dominican Republic | Joaquín Balaguer (1996)Joaquín Balaguer (1996) | nonenone |
Ecuador | Abdalá Buckram (1997), Jamil Mahuad (2000), Lucio Gutiérrez (2005)Abdalá Buckram (1997), Jamil Mahuad (2000), Lucio Gutiérrez (2005) | nonenone |
El Salvador | nonenone | José Napoleón Duarte (1987)José Napoleón Duarte (1987) |
Guatemala | Jorge Serrano Elías (1993)Jorge Serrano Elías (1993) | nonenone |
Honduras | nonenone | Rafael Leonardo Callejas Romero (2003)Rafael Leonardo Callejas Romero (2003) |
Nicaragua | nonenone | Enrique Bolaños (2004)Enrique Bolaños (2004) |
Paraguay | Raúl Cubas (1999)Raúl Cubas (1999) | nonenone |
Peru | Alberto Fujimori (1993)Alberto Fujimori (1993) | nonenone |
Venezuela | nonenone | Hugo Chávez (2002)Hugo Chávez (2002) |