Dark Money by Type of Spending in 2024

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Note: Data-reporting limitations make it possible that as much as $28.4 million of the direct spending reported to the FEC could also be included in the TV or online ad categories. This chart includes all the observed spending in each of the categories; however, the $1.9 billion total avoids double counting such spending.

Source: Brennan Center analysis of data from the FEC, OpenSecrets, and online platforms; Wesleyan Media Project analysis of Vivvix CMAG data.