| Incentivise private capital to invest in development | No—push is needed | Yes—and can be combined with existing push initiatives |
| Incentivise private capital to invest in manufacturing | No—push is needed | Yes—but would need to be combined with separate push |
| Bilateral Contingent Advance Purchase contracts | Yes | No |
| Advance Market Commitment | Possibly in COVAX second stage | Yes |
| Incentivise follow-on vaccines | Only if advance market commitment is put in place | Yes—a major objective is to have more than one vaccine |
| Value-based pricing | No | Yes |
