Trends in individual working-condition indicators from 2017 to 2023
2019 is standardized to zero for each trend
Source: Baker, S. P., & Koedel, C. (2026). The Decline in Teacher Working Conditions During and After the COVID Pandemic. Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness, 1–25. 
Note: Years are denoted by the spring year; the survey is given each spring. The survey was canceled in 2020 when the pandemic hit, so the figures linearly interpolate between 2019 and 2021. The vertical axis is in standard deviation units.