Note: *p-value < 0.1, **p-value < 0.05, ***p-value < 0.01. Dependent variables are measured at the state level and are primarily drawn from the University of Kentucky Center for Poverty Research national dataset across 2000, 2010, and 2019. These data were further supplemented with information from several other publicly available sources. States are categorized into one of four census region codes; the omitted region category is comprised of states within the Northeast region of the United States; thus, the coefficients in the table should be thought of as the difference between each region listed and the Northeast. A fixed effects model was used to control for the impact of time on the variables measured. The omitted year category is 2000.