Russian Espionage

Espionage, including assassinations and attempted killings.

Map plots approximate locations of confirmed and highly likely incidents of Russian Shadow Warfare. Confirmed incidents include those attributed by government and journalistic sources to Russia or Russian-supported perpetrators. Highly likely incidents include those that have been reported by government and journalistic sources with a high likelihood of being attributable to Russia or Russian-supported perpetrators.
Chart: Michael Newton/Isabella Nieminen/Katelynn Henics/Center for European Policy AnalysisSource: Emma Burrows et al.,“Russian Sabotage Across Europe,” Associated Press News, December 18, 2025, https://apnews.com/projects/russian-europe-sabotage/; Sahaidachnyi Security Center, “The Everywhere War: Sub-Threshold Warfare Tracker,”https://sahasec.org/tracker/; Nichita Gurcov,” ACLED data show at least 50 instances of airspace violations of countries on Ukraine’s western borders since 2022 — Expert comment," ACLED, September 11, 2025, https://acleddata.com/expert-comment/acled-data-show-least-50-instances-airspace-violations-countries-ukraines-western; Charlie Edwards and Nate Seidstein,“The Scale of Russian Sabotage Operations Against Europe’s Critical Infrastructure.” IISS, August 2025, https://www.iiss.org/globalassets/media-library---content--migration/files/research-papers/2025/08/pub25-095-the-scale-of-russian-sabotage-operations.pdf; and Open-Source Information gathered by CEPA staff.Get the data Download image