Figure 2. Increasing the number of school resource officers (SROs) on a school campus leads to increases in suspensions and changes in the occurrence of some violent incidents

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Source: Author’s calculations using 2017-18 Civil Rights Data Collection.

Note: We estimate these effects in a two-stage least squares regression. The first stage regresses the number of full-time equivalent SROs at the school on an indicator variable of whether the linked police agency scored above an award threshold during the 2015 to 2017 COPS Hiring Grant Program cycles. The second stage regresses school-level outcomes on the predicted number of SROs. We control for a variety of school and police agency characteristics, including lagged disciplinary outcomes from the 2013-14 Civil Rights Data Collection. All effects shown are statistically significant at a 95% level.