Risks in China's infrastructure portfolio in low- and middle-income countries, 2014-2022

Environmental, social and governance (ESG) risks in Chinese grant- and loan-financed infrastructure projects

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Note: Data for commitment years 2014-2021 are taken from AidData's Belt and Road Reboot report (2023), while 2022 datapoints represent preliminary commitments in 2022 using the same methodology.

Source: AidData