Total cost of ownership for vehicles travelling 25 km/day. Vehicle efficiencies are based on the Nigeria pilot vehicle performance (53 Wh/km) and the middle range of certified efficiencies reported in Weiss (2020) (25 Wh/km). Petrol price ranges are indicative of 2021 prices observed in New Delhi ($1.37/L) and at the Nigeria pilot site ($0.56/L).