Among children under 5, license-exempt providers have grown most sharply since 2019


Average monthly enrollment   Change from 2019 (%)  

Source: Authors’ analysis of CDMIS data CY 2019–2025.
NOTES: Average monthly enrollment by provider type shown. Enrollment is deduplicated to the child-level within provider type, but children may be enrolled with more than one provider type. “*” denotes that 2025 reflects a partial year (Jan.–June 2025 only).