Stacked bar chart of the metric tons of minerals needed for clean energy technologies in 2021, as well as projected amounts for 2030 under three scenarios: current policies, announced government pledges, and a 2050 net-zero emissions pathway. The types of clean energy listed are electricity, electric vehicles, solar/wind, nuclear and other renewables and hydrogen. The minerals needed would increase for all types under announced pledges, but even more significantly so under the pathway to 2050 net-zero emissions.