Sources European sentiment in 2023
¹ based on responses provided by ECFR associate researchers; ² at least 50 per cent positive answers, according to Standard Eurobarometer 98, winter 2022-2023; ³ at least 0.5 per cent of GDP, according to Ukraine Support Tracker, IFW Kiel, February 2023.

Risk factors to European sentiment
⁴ at least 5 per cent of the country's population or over one million, according to Eurostat and responses provided by ECFR associate researchers;
⁵ based on responses provided by ECFR associate researchers;
⁶ at least 40 per cent distrust the EU, according to Standard Eurobarometer 98, winter 2022-2023;
⁷ index below 75/100, according to Reporters Without Borders Index 2023;
⁸ index equal to or below 50/10, according to Open Society Institute - Sofia, Media Literacy Index 2022;
⁹ at least 40 per cent describe household economic situation as "bad", according to Standard Eurobarometer 98, winter 2022-2023; or annual inflation rate above 10 per cent in February 2023, according to Eurostat; or major discontent in the country about rising prices, according to ECFR associate researchers.
ECFR · ecfr.eu