White working-class urban areas are voting precincts defined as having more than 2000 residents aged 18 or older per square mile, a majority-white adult population, and fewer than 40% of adults with college degrees. These areas comprise 44% of the voting-age population of Lackawanna County, 28% of the voting-age population of Luzerne County, and 20% of the voting-age population of the state.