Note: The author compared post-TPS trends to synthetic control. The synthetic control method is a research design that allows for the estimation of causal treatment effects by comparing treated units to algorithmically constructed synthetic control units. In this figure, Nicaragua represents the treated unit. Excluding Mexico, all other countries are used to construct synthetic control units.

* Correction, February 23, 2021: This figure has been updated to clarify that the data apply to both border and interior apprehensions.