Uninsurance Fell for Most Groups of Americans Under the Affordable Care Act

Annual trends in U.S. rates of uninsurance by subpopulation (vs. total) sorted by percentage point change, 2013–2023

Graph shows trends in U.S. uninsured rates from 2013 to 2023 by various subpopulations, including age, income and poverty level, limited English proficiency, citizenship, marital status, work, education, gender, race and ethnicity, and disability status.
Rates of uninsurance for the non-institutionalized population, 2013–2023. Respondents are asked about their health insurance coverage at the time of the interview. Data for 2020 were not officially released by the U.S. Census Bureau due to pandemic-related disruptions to data collection and resulting problems with data quality. Family defined as a Health Insurance Unit (HIU), based on individuals who would likely be considered a family unit in determining eligibility for either private or public coverage. Income measured as HIU family income in relation to HHS Federal Poverty Guidelines (FPG). All within-group changes between 2013 and 2023 are statistically significant at the 95% confidence level via two-sided t-test.
Chart: Robert Hest, MPPSource: SHADAC analysis of the American Community Survey (ACS) Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) filesGet the dataCreated with Datawrapper