The bar chart shows the expenditure for scholarly literature and open access publishing between 2020 and 2024. The cost is stated in million Swedish kronor. Expenditure for 2020 increased compared with previous years. But for 2021 the expenditure was more or less the same as for 2020. 709 million Swedish kronor for 2020 and 711 for 2021. A slight increase for 2022, namely 738 million Swedish kronor. For 2023 and 2024 the figures are 799 and 806 million Swedish kronor. The incoming expenditure differs. Some increase while others decrease. Expenditure on subscriptions decreases while publication costs increases.