Representative survey of the Russian population, N = 1,604. In the overall figure of 38.2%, each respondent is counted only once. The proportion reporting family members involved (37.1%) is calculated separately and is not the arithmetic sum of the “one” and “several” categories. “Mobilisation” and “participation in hostilities” are two distinct survey measures. Survey questions: (1) “Have you personally, or has anyone in your family, been involved in military action as part of the ‘special operation’ in Ukraine over the past four years (2022–2026)? Or are there no such people?” (2) “Which of the following things that I am about to list have happened to you or members of your family over the past two years?” Response option: “The mobilisation of a family member.”